Last night, as I was lying in bed falling asleep, I was listening to my chronic tinnitus (ringing in my ears). I found that the ringing was less noticeable if I turned my mental mp3 player to a song in the key of the ringing. After a while I was unable to distinguish the ringing from the music playing in my head. Sometimes when I listen to music on lower quality speakers and I can’t hear all of the layers of the music my mind fills the missing parts in and the experience is not dampened. Likewise, I sometimes will hear a song that I have loved for years on a different stereo and discover that my favorite little details of the song weren’t really in the song. Makes me wonder how much of world I experience is just my overactive mind filling in the gaps and creating its own features.
According to the Santiago Theory of Cognition, put forward by neuro-scientists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela, all living systems are cognitive systems. Life cannot be separated from the process of cognition, the process of knowing. In the Santiago theory, mind is not a thing(like the brain) but a process of knowing and cognizing. In most theories of cognition, it is assumed that there is an objective, material world which the mind identifies and reflects in the consciousness of the observer. In these theories, the mind is a thing, often either the brain itself or some emergent property of the brain. The Santiago theory understands the mind to be the very process of cognition as opposed to the conscious part of the body.
While proponents of the Santiago theory do not deny the existence of a material world, they understand that the world of our everyday experience is not an objective reality. As philosopher and scientist Dan Dennett explains in his Ted Talk there is nothing intrinsically sweet about sugar or honey, “if you looked at glucose molecules until you were blind you would not see why they tasted sweet.” Sugar, according to Dennett, tastes sweet because, biologically, we like it. We do not like it because it tastes sweet. A similar concept holds true for our perception of smell, color, temperature, and beauty. Color does not exist objectively in the material world. Objectively, color is frequency of vibration of the electromagnetic field, the same as heat, microwaves, radio waves, and x-rays. It is only within our physiology that these frequencies of vibration are recognized as having color.
An old Deepak Copra piece titled What is the Nature of Reality? explores some of the limits of sensory perception.
“…our initial sensory experiences and how we interpret them or how they are interpreted for us actually structure the very anatomy and physiology of our nervous system in such a way that ultimately the nervous system serves only one function: to keep reinforcing the initial interpretation. Anything that doesn't reinforce the initial interpretation doesn't even get into the nervous system. So if you don't have a concept or a notion or an idea that something exists, then your nervous system won't even take it in.”
Just as my overactive mind fills in and amends the music that I hear it also manufactures beauty when I look at my girlfriend and taste when I eat. This is one of the most amazing and beautiful capacities of the mind which gives meaning to the human experience. With this understanding it is interesting to ask, how much of what holds us back from creating the world we want to live in, the institutions we want to study and work in, and the communities we want to share our experiences with are the limitations we have been cultured to see? How many of the limitations to human progress are the result of an overactive mind?